Made with 100% natural rubber from the tree Hevea Brasiliensis. No BPA, PVC, phthalates, chemical softeners, or artificial coloring. Uniquely hygienic, one-piece design with no joints or cracks where dirt and bacteria can accumulate. Made in Italy—by a family business manufacturing rubber baby products for 3 generations . Allergen-free larger shield touches the nose comforting baby and more closely simulating breastfeeding.